Disparitas Sosiodemografi Praktik ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia, 2022
Sociodemographic Disparities in Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices in Indonesia, 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64689/jopanur.v1i02.17Keywords:
ASI eksklusif, Disparitas Sosiodemografi, Bayi 0–6 bulan, Prevalensi, IndonesiaAbstract
Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama kehidupan merupakan intervensi kesehatan masyarakat yang terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan status kesehatan dan kelangsungan hidup bayi. Meskipun demikian, capaian ASI eksklusif di Indonesia masih berada di bawah target nasional dan global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji disparitas sosiodemografi dalam praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi usia 0–6 bulan di Indonesia berdasarkan data Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan analisis data sekunder terhadap 14.629 bayi usia 0–6 bulan yang berasal dari 33 provinsi di Indonesia. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik sosiodemografi dan prevalensi ASI eksklusif, yang disajikan dalam bentuk proporsi beserta interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi ASI eksklusif secara nasional sebesar 14,91% (95% CI: 14,34–15,49). Praktik ASI eksklusif ditemukan lebih tinggi pada bayi yang tinggal di wilayah Kalimantan, daerah perdesaan, keluarga dengan jumlah anggota lima orang atau kurang, serta pada bayi dengan ayah yang bekerja di sektor pertanian. Sebaliknya, prevalensi ASI eksklusif lebih rendah pada ibu dan ayah dengan tingkat pendidikan tinggi, bayi yang lahir di fasilitas kesehatan atau dengan tenaga kesehatan terampil, serta keluarga dengan status sosial ekonomi lebih baik. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya disparitas sosiodemografi yang bermakna dalam praktik ASI eksklusif di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, upaya promosi dan perlindungan menyusui perlu dirancang secara lebih kontekstual dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan keluarga untuk meningkatkan cakupan ASI eksklusif secara lebih merata.
References
Al-Ajmi, N., Al-Hadidi, A., Al‐Riyami, A. Z., Adawi, M. A., Alanazy, W., & Al-Salti, N. (2024). Perception of Exclusive Breastfeeding for Working Mothers at Royal Hospital: Qualitative Study. doi:https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4529124/v1
Alayón, S., Varela, V., Mukuria-Ashe, A., Alvey, J., Milner, E., Pedersen, S., & Yourkavitch, J. (2022). Exclusive breastfeeding: Measurement to match the global recommendation. Matern Child Nutr, 18(4), e13409. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13409
Amalia, A., Pamungkasari, E. P., & Murti, B. (2023). Meta Analysis the Effects of Maternal Education, Residence, and Birth Delivery Place, on Exclusive Breastfeeding. J Matern Child Health, 08(02), 154-168. doi:https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.02.03
Brown, L. J., & Sear, R. (2019). Are mothers less likely to breastfeed in harsh environments? Physical environmental quality and breastfeeding in the Born in Bradford study. 15(4), e12851. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12851
Burger, B., Schindler, K., Tripolt, T., Griesbacher, A., Stuger, H. P., Wagner, K. H., . . . Wolf-Spitzer, A. (2022). Factors Associated with (Exclusive) Breastfeeding Duration-Results of the SUKIE-Study. Nutrients, 14(9). doi:10.3390/nu14091704
Ekholuenetale, M., Mistry, S. K., Chimoriya, R., Nash, S., Doyizode, A. M., & Arora, A. (2021). Socioeconomic in equalities in early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh: findings from the 2018 demographic and health survey. International Breastfeeding Journal, 16(1), 73. doi:10.1186/s13006-021-00420-1
Gayatri, M. (2021). Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Indonesia: A Population-Based Study. Korean J Fam Med, 42(5), 395-402. doi:10.4082/kjfm.20.0131
Hegazi, M. A., Allebdi, M., Almohammadi, M., Alnafie, A., Al-Hazmi, L., & Alyoubi, S. (2019). Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in relation to knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding mothers in Rabigh community, Western Saudi Arabia. World Journal of Pediatrics, 15(6), 601-609. doi:10.1007/s12519-019-00275-x
Idris, H., & Astari, D. W. (2023). The practice of exclusive breastfeeding by region in Indonesia. Public Health, 217, 181-189. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.02.002
Indonesia Ministry of Health. (2018). Report of The Basic Health Research 2018. Retrieved from Jakarta: https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274.pdf
Indonesia Ministry of Health. (2023). Indonesia Nutritional Status Survey ; Report 2022. Retrieved from Jakarta: https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/pub/files/files46531._MATERI_KABKPK_SOS_SSGI.pdf
Kimuli, D., Nakaggwa, F., Namuwenge, N., Nsubuga, R. N., Isabirye, P., Kasule, K., . . . Bukenya, D. (2023). Sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in 77 districts of Uganda. International Breastfeeding Journal, 18(1), 66. doi:10.1186/s13006-023-00604-x
Kinshella, M. W., Prasad, S., Hiwa, T., Vidler, M., Nyondo-Mipando, A. L., Dube, Q., . . . Kawaza, K. (2021). Barriers and facilitators for early and exclusive breastfeeding in health facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Glob Health Res Policy, 6(1), 21. doi:10.1186/s41256-021-00206-2
Masi, A. C., & Stewart, C. J. (2024). Role of breastfeeding in disease prevention. 17(7), e14520. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14520
Mekebo, G. G., Argawu, A. S., Likassa, H. T., Ayele, W., Wake, S. K., Bedada, D., . . . Diriba, G. (2022). Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among under-six months infants in Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 630. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04955-x
Meng, F., Uniacke-Lowe, T., Lanfranchi, E., Meehan, G., O'Shea, C.-A., Dennehy, T., . . . Kelly, A. L. (2023). A longitudinal study of fatty acid profiles, macronutrient levels, and plasmin activity in human milk. Front. Nutr, 10. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1172613
Nigatu, D., Azage, M., & Motbainor, A. (2019). Effect of exclusive breastfeeding cessation time on childhood morbidity and adverse nutritional outcomes in Ethiopia: Analysis of the demographic and health surveys. PLOS ONE, 14(10), e0223379. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223379
Okari, T. G., Aitafo, J. E., Onubogu, U., & West, B. A. (2020). Knowledge, Practice and Problems of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers Attending the Outpatient Clinic of a Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Designated Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, 12(9), 103-115. doi:10.9734/ejnfs/2020/v12i930290
Patil, D. S., Pundir, P., Dhyani, V. S., Krishnan, J. B., Parsekar, S. S., D’Souza, S. M., . . . Renjith, V. (2020). A mixed-methods systematic review on barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. 26(4), 323-346. doi:10.1177/0260106020942967
Pérez-Escamilla, R., Tomori, C., Hernández-Cordero, S., Baker, P., Barros, A. J. D., Bégin, F., . . . Richter, L. (2023). Breastfeeding: crucially important, but increasingly challenged in a market-driven world. The Lancet, 401(10375), 472-485. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01932-8
Rahman, A., Nomani, D., & Taneepanichskul, S. (2020). Trends and Determinants of EBF among Adolescent Children Born to Adolescent Mothers in Rural Bangladesh. Int Breastfeed J, 17(24), 9315.
Roseprilla, A. D., Mahmudiono, T., & Rachmah, Q. (2022). How and Where the Birth Delivery Taking Place Matter towards the Success of Exclusive Breastfeeding. Media Gizi Kesmas. doi:https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v15i2.30294
Santos-Rosales, Y. R., Correa-Lopez, M. Y., Mayta-Tovalino, F., & Barja-Ore, J. (2023). Lactancia materna exclusiva en el Perú y sus factores asociados: Un análisis de regresión multivariado. Revista de obstetricia y ginecología de Venezuela, 83(02), 152-159. doi:https://doi.org/10.51288/00830206
Saputri, N. S., Spagnoletti, B. R. M., Morgan, A., Wilopo, S. A., Singh, A., McPake, B., . . . Lee, J. T. (2020). Progress towards reducing sociodemographic disparities in breastfeeding outcomes in Indonesia: a trend analysis from 2002 to 2017. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1112. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09194-3
Sharma, R., & Singh, B. (2023). Study on the Physical Properties of Superconducting Materials. Journal of Nepal Physical Society, 13(2), 123-130. doi:https://doi.org/10.60086/jnps485
Sigdel, N. D., Sapkota, S., & Acharya, S. (2023). Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Mothers Attending Maternal and Child Health Clinic. Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society. doi:https://doi.org/10.60086/jnps485
Singh, B. K., Khatri, R. B., Sahani, S. K., & Khanal, V. (2024). Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among infants under six months in Nepal: multilevel analysis of nationally representative household survey data. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 2456. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19963-z
Sukamto, D. N. F., & Basrowi, R. W. (2023). Advocating Community Support for Exclusive Breastfeeding for Women Workers: A Critical Review. doi:https://doi.org/10.46799/jisn.v1i2.11
Syahri, I. M., Laksono, A. D., Fitria, M., Rohmah, N., Masruroh, M., & Ipa, M. (2024). Exclusive breastfeeding among Indonesian working mothers: does early initiation of breastfeeding matter? BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1225. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18619-2
Terefe, B., Habtie, A., & Chekole, B. (2024). Multilevel modeling analysis of bottle feeding and its determinants among children 0–23 months in East Africa: evidence from recent DHS data (2015–2022). International Breastfeeding Journal, 19(1), 24. doi:10.1186/s13006-024-00629-w
UNICEF, W. (2021). Global Breastfeeding Scorecard 2021; Protecting Breastfeeding through Bold National Actions during the COVID-19
Pandemic and Beyond. Retrieved from Geneva, Switzerland: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HEP-NFS-21.45
UNICEF, W. (2021). Indicator for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices. Geneva.
Valappil, H. C., Jayalakshmi, R., & Sewor, C. (2023). Intersectional inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding practices in India: analysis of national family health survey-4. International Breastfeeding Journal, 18(1), 44. doi:10.1186/s13006-023-00577-x
Young, M. F., Faerber, E. C., Mehta, R. V., Ranjan, S., Shetty, S. A., Ramakrishnan, U., . . . Martorell, R. (2023). Maternal nutritional status and milk volume and composition in India: an observational study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 117(4), 830-837. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.002
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatima Rima Andini, Elvaro Islami Muryadi, Mutiara Dien Safitri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their published articles.
All content in MEDIKHAS is published under a CC BY-NC 4.0
.
This license permits:
-
Sharing — copying and redistributing the material in any medium or format.
-
Adapting — remixing, transforming, and building upon the material.
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution — Appropriate credit must be given to the original authors and source, a link to the license provided, and any changes made must be indicated.
-
NonCommercial — The material may not be used for commercial purposes.
This license allows for broad dissemination and reuse of the published material, while restricting commercial exploitation without permission from the authors or publisher.
